ABSTRACT
Background: In developing countries, perinatal hypoxia is still a leading cause of mortality and disability. In 2011, the infant mortality rate dropped from 92 per 1000 live births in 1991 to 43 per 1000 live births. However, neonatal mortality in Bangladesh remains high, accounting for more than half of all deaths under the age of five and more than two-thirds of infant mortality. As a result, any qualities that can operate as a risk factor for prenatal asphyxia can be quite beneficial. The aim of the study was to observe the maternal characteristics of perinatal asphyxia in full-term pregnancies. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Rangpur Medical Collage, and Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The study duration was 2 years, from January 2012 to December 2013. The study was conducted with a total of 60 cases of birth asphyxia, who were delivered or admitted into the study hospital. Results: In 70% of cases, the mother was Primipara. Among the neonates, 61.67% were male, and 38.33% were female. Only 33% of the case neonates had received regular antenatal check-ups, while 55% had irregular check-ups, and 11.67% had no antenatal checkups. According to the grading of asphyxia, 51.67% of neonates had moderate asphyxia, 20% had mild asphyxia, and 28.33% had severe asphyxia. The mean serum sodium value in mild, moderate, and severe asphyxia were 135.33, 123.42, and 121.53 mmol/L respectively. Mean serum potassium values were 4.11, 4.86, and 5.51 mmol/L respectively. Mean serum creatinine 0.72, 1.00, and 1.83 mg/dl respectively. Mean blood urea levels were 36.17, 58.97, and 88.06 mg/dl respectively. A significant difference was observed between the mean values of serum electrolytes and patients’ asphyxia grade. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that birth asphyxia was more common among vaginal deliveries and irregular or no neonatal care cases. Primipara patients had a higher likelihood of neonatal asphyxia. Serum electrolyte levels varied significantly based on the grade of asphyxia.
ABSTRACT
The goal of the current investigation was to prepare PEGylated Lipova E120 liposomes loaded with celecoxib for theeffective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PEGylated liposomes were prepared and were characterized using techniques such as particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitrorelease, in-vivo and stability studies. The morphological study was characterized by scanning electron microscopy andtransmission electron microscopy. To determine the interaction between drug and polymer Fourier transform infrared,Raman, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry studies were performed. Results show that formulation F6 was optimized with a particle size of 92.12 ± 1.7 nm, a PDI of 0.278 ± 0.22, a zeta potential of- 40.8 ± 1.7 mV with a maximum encapsulation of 96.6 ± 0.05% of drug in the PEGylated liposomes. The optimizedformulation shows a maximum release of drug i.e. 94.45 ± 1.13% in 72 h. Tail immersion assay shows that the optimizedformulation F6 significantly increases the reaction time and carrageenan-induced assay shows that the optimized formulation inhibits the increase in paw edema thus providing a pain relief treatment in RA. These results suggest that thePEGylated liposomes provide a sustained release of celecoxib and helps in effective treatment of RA.